This course revisits the central humanities issue of the relationship between history and literature, as stated first by Aristotle: “The true difference between historians and poets is that the former records what has happened, while the latter represents what may happen.” The issue of narrative in the representation of the historical will feature prominently. Readings begin with Herodotus and move to Gibbon, Macaulay, Michelet, Marx, and Grant; these historians are put in dialogue with writers such as Aeschylus, Scott, Gaskell, Melville, Whitman, and Zola. The course concludes with the novelist John Edgar Wideman’s response to the 1985 Philadelphia bombing.